| Title | Author/ Year published | Population studied | N | Depression assessment tool | Percent of subjects reporting depression |
| A prospective cohort study investigating factors associated with depression during internship | Internal medicine, Family medicine, General surgery, Pediatrics, OB-Gyn, and Psychiatry interns at 13 US hospitals | 740 | PHQ-9 | Pattern of depression through intern year: • Time 1 (beginning of intern year): 3.9% • Time 2 (third month of intern year): 27.1% • Time 3 (sixth month of intern year): 23.3% • Time 4 (ninth month of intern year): 25.7% • Time 5 (end of intern year): 26.6% Overall prevalence: 19.5% | |
| Depressive symptoms in medical students and residents: a multischool study | Residents in various fields at six universities and hospitals | 532 | CES-D | 11.9% | |
| Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: prospective cohort study | Pediatric and Medicine-Pediatric residents at hospitals in Boston, California, and Washington D.C. | 123 | HANDS | 20% | |
| Evolution of sleep quantity, sleep deprivation, mood disturbances, empathy and burnout among interns | Internal Medicine interns at University of Pennsylvania | 58 (time 1) 47 (time 2) | BDI-short form | Pattern of depression through intern year: • Time 1 (beginning of intern year): 4.3% • Time 2 (end of intern year): 29.8% | |
| Burnout, depression, and career satisfaction: cross-sectional study of obstetrics and gynecology residents | OB-Gyn residents at 23 different programs across the United States | 125 | CES-D | 34.2% | |
| Religion, Spirituality, and depressive symptoms in primary care house officers | Residents from Pediatrics, Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Family Medicine at University of Cincinnati | 227 | 10 item CES-D | 25% | |
| Depression among emergency medicine residents over an academic year | Emergency Medicine residents at a large, urban teaching hospital | 31 | CES-D | 12.1% | |
| Burnout and Internal Medicine resident work-hour restrictions | Internal Medicine residents at University of Colorado Health Science Center | Prior to work hour restrictions: 121After work hour restrictions: 106 | PRIME-MD | Residents who screened positive for depression decreased from 51% to 41% after hours were restricted | |
| The effects of work-hour limitations on resident well-being, patient care, and education in an internal medicine residency program | Internal Medicine residents at the University of Washington | 118 | PRIME-MD | 45% screened positive for depression before work hour restrictions vs. 56% after work hour restrictions |